his excerpt from Franklin Rosemont's "Karl Marx and the Iroquois" explores Marx's later ethnological studies, particularly his Ethnological Notebooks, which showcase a profound engagement with Lewis Henry Morgan's Ancient Society and its detailed account of the Iroquois confederation. Rosemont highlights how these previously overlooked notes reveal Marx's evolving thoughts on revolution, pre-capitalist societies, and the potential for non-Western, communal societies to offer a path to future emancipation. The text argues that these late writings represent a significant shift in Marx's perspective, challenging conventional interpretations of Marxism by emphasizing multi-linear historical development, anti-statism, and a critique of traditional religious structures. Ultimately, Rosemont asserts that these notebooks offer a renewed, more radical vision of revolutionary theory and practice, diverging from established "Marxist" orthodoxies.

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