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Read the full article here: https://visualfieldtest.com/en/mastering-eye-drop-technique-nasolacrimal-occlusion-to-boost-efficacy-and-safety

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Excerpt:

Why Proper Eye Drop Technique Matters When treating eye conditions (like glaucoma), eye drops deliver medication directly to the eye. However, much of a drop can wash away through the tear ducts into the body, lowering the drug’s effect on the eye and raising the risk of side effects. For example, studies estimate that up to 80% of a topical eye drop drains through the nasolacrimal (tear) duct (). In the case of beta-blocker drops (such as timolol for glaucoma), significant systemic absorption can occur – enough to slow the heart rate or trigger asthma symptoms in susceptible patients (). Simple steps like gently closing the eyes and pressing on the tear duct (the nasolacrimal occlusion technique) dramatically boost the amount of drug remaining in the eye and cut the spillover into the body () (). In fact, classic studies found that occlusion and eyelid closure together reduced systemic timolol levels by over 60% (), while increasing its concentration in the eye. In practice, this can translate to better control of eye pressure and far fewer side effects. (For example, one glaucoma specialist reported that adding occlusion to routine drops gave patients 30–40% more intraocular pressure reduction than drops alone ().) How Occlusion and Eyelid Closure Help The drug in an eye drop must first soak into the surface of the eye to work. When you press the drop onto the eye, part of it is absorbed by the cornea and anterior tissues, but a large portion can run off into the nose through the tear duct. By pressing gently on the inner corner of the eye (over the punctum) for a minute or two, you block that drainage path. This tricks the eye into holding on to more of the medication, effectively raising the ocular bioavailability. In lay terms, more of each drop stays where it belongs (on the eye) instead of entering the bloodstream. Closing your eyes for 2–3 minutes after instilling the drop has a similar benefit: it stops blinking and spreads the drop evenly, further keeping it on the eye () (). Medical reviews note that these simple measures “improve the therapeutic index” of glaucoma drops – meaning they make the treatment more effective and safer () (). In practical terms, combining occlusion and eyelid closure can prolong the drug’s action in the eye and sharply cut its absorption into the body, with studies showing greatly reduced blood levels of the drug while the eye still gets a full dose () (). Step-by-Step Eye Drop Technique Before You Begin: Wash your hands thoroughly with soap and dry them. Gather the dropper bottle (ensure it’s at room temperature and well mixed if needed) and a clean tissue or cloth. Check that the bottle tip is clean and that you’re using the correct medication. Be careful not to touch the bottle tip with any surface (including your hands or eye) to avoid contamination (). If the tip accidentally touches eyelashes or skin, wipe it with a clean tissue or use a new bottle. Figure: Handle the eye drop bottle carefully. Do not let the tip touch your eye or eyelid – this keeps the bottle sterile and prevents infection (). Position yourself: Tilt your head back slightly or lie down. Pull the lower eyelid down gently with your non-dominant hand to make a small “pocket” between the eyelid and the eye. Try not to press on the eyeball itself. Look up toward the ceiling. Instill a drop: Hold the dropper in your other

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