By the 1880s, native Americans in the Frio Canyon in the Texas hill country had been almost completely wiped out. The once prosperous Comanche, Kiowa, Tonkawa, and Lipan Apache that had called the area home for thousands of years had been forced onto reservations far from their ancestral lands or massacred, driven off the land desired by Anglo settlers. Most of the area residents were convinced that the Indian Wars were over, and the frontier was safe to inhabit without fear of attack. But one last incident would come to be recognized as the final Indian raid in Frio Canyon.