More than half a million people around the world are stricken with multi- or extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis every year, but only a fraction of these patients receive effective treatment for their disease. In a few TB hotspots in South America and Asia, we are seeing years of research investment come to fruition, as promising data heralds key advances in our work against TB around the globe. What are the most important aspects of a successful treatment regimen, particularly in regions of the world with fewer medical resources? Dr. Sonya Shin, assistant professor of medicine at Harvard Medical School, assesses the distinctive features of inpatient and outpatient care for TB, as well as the role played by local non-government organizations and government officials in these settings in South America and Asia. Dr. Mark Nolan Hill hosts.