It felt inevitable. Years of declining childhood vaccination rates were bound to have consequences. In early 2025, those consequences became alarmingly real as a measles outbreak emerged in West Texas and Eastern New Mexico.

Before the introduction of the measles vaccine in 1963, the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) estimated that measles infected three to four million Americans annually, causing 48,000 hospitalizations and 400 to 500 deaths each year. The introduction of the MMR (measles, mumps, and rubella) vaccine marked a turning point. The two-dose regimen—first administered between 12 and 15 months of age, with a second dose between 4 and 6 years—was remarkably effective. By 2000, measles was declared eliminated in the United States.

But in recent years, progress has unraveled. A dramatic drop in vaccination rates—fueled largely by the discredited claim linking the MMR vaccine to autism—has allowed this once-vanquished virus to resurge.

Today, vaccination rates in many states have dipped below the 95% threshold needed for herd immunity, and the current outbreak offers a grim reminder of what’s at stake. In Gaines County, Texas, where vaccine exemptions are especially high among the local Mennonite population, hundreds of measles cases have been reported—resulting in at least two deaths in Texas and New Mexico.

In this episode, hosts Dr. Vivian Vega and Dr. Jackie Sherbuk trace the recent history of measles in the U.S., focusing on the current outbreak in Texas and New Mexico. They tackle the question: Why is measles still so dangerous? The discussion includes common complications of the disease, current vaccination guidelines, and a thorough debunking of the alleged MMR-autism connection. They also highlight a growing concern: cases of vitamin A toxicity in children, stemming from widespread misconceptions about its role in measles treatment.

Dr Vega would like to thank her friend Job Meiller for his musical contribution to our segment breaks. Thank you Job!

Thanks also to Dr. Ana Velez, our artistic contributor, for her painting, "SSPE-Subacute Sclerosing Panencephalitis," used in our episode thumbnail.