We celebrate the mechanical explorers that have served as humanity's eyes and hands on the Red Planet for over six decades.

Dr. Hakeem Ali-Bocas Alexander traces the incredible journey from first flybys to helicopter flights, revealing how robots paved humanity's path to Mars.

•Discover how the 1970s Viking program provided our first detailed look at the Martian surface and conducted the first-ever experiments searching for life beyond Earth.

•Relive the epic journeys of Spirit and Opportunity—the rovers that planned for 90 days but operated for years, finding definitive proof that Mars once had persistent liquid water.

•Follow the ongoing missions of the Curiosity rover, a mobile laboratory analyzing Mars's climate and geology, and Perseverance, which is collecting samples for eventual return to Earth.

•Marvel at the Ingenuity helicopter's successful flights in Mars's thin atmosphere, demonstrating revolutionary new techniques for exploring alien worlds.

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