Medscape InDiscussion: Renal Cell Carcinoma

Drs Sumanta Pal and Jose A. Karam, MD, discuss neoadjuvant therapy in renal cell carcinoma, including TKIs, immuno-oncology, and the need for more studies to explore the role of neoadjuvant therapy in RCC.

Relevant disclosures can be found with the episode show notes on Medscape (https://www.medscape.com/viewarticle/984249). The topics and discussions are planned, produced, and reviewed independently of advertisers. This podcast is intended only for US healthcare professionals.

Resources

Renal Cell Carcinoma https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/281340-overview

Neoadjuvant Treatment in Renal Cell Carcinoma: Transforming Challenges Into Opportunities https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35248412/

Axitinib https://reference.medscape.com/drug/inlyta-axitinib-999715#10

Phase 2 Trial of Neoadjuvant Axitinib in Patients With Locally Advanced Nonmetastatic Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24560330/

Renal Clear Cell Cancer https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK563230/

Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors https://radiopaedia.org/articles/response-evaluation-criteria-in-solid-tumours?lang=us

Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK563322/

Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors and Immunotherapy Combinations in Renal Cell Carcinoma https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32215057/

A Phase II Study of Pazopanib in Patients With Localized Renal Cell Carcinoma to Optimize Preservation of Renal Parenchyma https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25813447/

Bevacizumab (Rx) https://reference.medscape.com/drug/avastin-mvasi-bevacizumab-342257

Everolimus (Rx) https://reference.medscape.com/drug/afinitor-zortress-everolimus-999101

Nivolumab (Rx) https://reference.medscape.com/drug/opdivo-nivolumab-999989

A Pilot Randomized Study Evaluating Nivolumab (Nivo) Or Nivo + Bevacizumab (Bev) Or Nivo + Ipilimumab (Ipi) in Patients With Metastatic Renal Cell Carcinoma (MRCC) Eligible for Cytoreductive Nephrectomy, Metastasectomy or Post-Treatment Biopsy (Bx) https://ascopubs.org/doi/abs/10.1200/JCO.2019.37.15_suppl.4501

Ipilimumab (Rx) https://reference.medscape.com/drug/yervoy-ipilimumab-999636#10

TNM Classification https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK553187/

A Phase II, Single-Arm Trial of Neoadjuvant Axitinib Plus Avelumab in Patients With Localized Renal Cell Carcinoma Who Are at High Risk of Relapse After Nephrectomy (NEOAVAX) https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31023100/

Inferior Venal Caval Thrombus https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1933035-overview

A Phase II Study of Neoadjuvant Axitinib for Reducing the Extent of Venous Tumour Thrombus in Clear Cell Renal Cell Cancer With Venous Invasion (NAXIVA) https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35739300/

Surgical Management of Renal Cell Carcinoma With Associated Tumor Thrombus Extending Into the Inferior Vena Cava: A 10-Year Single-Center Experience https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30817278/

Drs Sumanta Pal and Laura Bukavina discuss the epidemiology of renal cell carcinoma, including risk factors, genetic screening, cystic disease, the microbiome, and the mycobiome.

Relevant disclosures can be found with the episode show notes on Medscape (https://www.medscape.com/viewarticle/984248). The topics and discussions are planned, produced, and reviewed independently of advertisers. This podcast is intended only for US healthcare professionals.

Resources

Renal Cell Carcinoma https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/281340-overview

Bladder Cancer https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/438262-overview

Epidemiology of Renal Cell Carcinoma: 2022 Update https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36100483/

The Association Between BMI and Kidney Cancer Risk: An Updated Dose-response Meta-analysis in Accordance With PRISMA Guideline https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30383638/

Cigarette Smoking Is Associated With Advanced Renal Cell Carcinoma https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21502558/

Genetic Predisposition to Renal Cell Carcinoma: Implications for Counseling, Testing, Screening, and Management https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30372385/

von Hippel-Lindau Disease https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1219430-overview

Bosniak Classification of Cystic Renal Masses, Version 2019: A Pictorial Guide to Clinical Use https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34990332/

Sarcomatoid and Rhabdoid Renal Cell Carcinoma Pathology https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1612066-overview

The Role of Gut Microbiome in Immune Modulation in Metastatic Renal Cell Carcinoma https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36105887/

Human Gut Mycobiome and Fungal Community Interaction: The Unknown Musketeer in the Chemotherapy Response Status in Bladder Cancer https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36353067/

The Gut Microbiome and Metastatic Renal Cell Carcinoma https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36836036/

Sarcomatoid Chromophobe Renal Cell Carcinoma With Heterologous Component https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32095153/

Characteristics of Gut Microbiota in Patients With Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35865926/

Drs Sumanta Pal and Sarah P. Psutka discuss the current quality-of-life research in bladder cancer, prehabilitation practices, helpful technology, and how this can be applied to renal cell carcinoma.

Relevant disclosures can be found with the episode show notes on Medscape (https://www.medscape.com/viewarticle/984241). The topics and discussions are planned, produced, and reviewed independently of advertisers. This podcast is intended only for US healthcare professionals.

Resources

Renal Cell Carcinoma https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/281340-overview

Patient-centered Outcomes Research https://www.pcori.org/research/about-our-research/patient-centered-outcomes-research

Bladder Cancer https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/438262-overview

Bladder Cancer Advocacy Network https://bcan.org/

Translational Research Program https://trp.cancer.gov/

Bladder Cancer Chemotherapy https://bcan.org/bladder-cancer-chemotherapy/

ExerciseRx https://thesportsinstitute.com/our-work/exercise-rx/

Forty Years of Cisplatin-based Chemotherapy in Muscle-invasive Bladder Cancer: Are We Understanding How, Who and When? https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30392011/

Changes in Lean Muscle Mass Associated With Neoadjuvant Platinum-based Chemotherapy in Patients With Muscle Invasive Bladder Cancer https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30417052/

Sarcopenia https://www.cancer.gov/publications/dictionaries/cancer-terms/def/sarcopenia

Current Role of Cytoreductive Nephrectomy in Metastatic Renal Cell Carcinoma https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8057358/

Rural-urban Disparities in Geriatric Assessment (GA) Impairments and Mortality Among Older Adults With Cancer: Results From the Cancer and Aging Resilience Evaluation (CARE) Registry https://ascopubs.org/doi/abs/10.1200/JCO.2022.40.16_suppl.12012

sliceOmatic https://www.tomovision.com/products/sliceomatic.html

Early Complications and Mortality Following Radical Cystectomy: Associations With Malnutrition and Obesity https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30417048/

Sarcopenic Obesity: What About in the Cancer Setting? https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35436691/

IO-IO vs IO-TKI Efficacy in Metastatic Kidney Cancer Patients: A Structured Systematic Review Over Time https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36333148/

Cytokine Storm https://www.cancer.gov/publications/dictionaries/cancer-terms/def/cytokine-storm

Cytokines, Inflammation, and Pain https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17426506/

Assessment of Distress and Quality of Life in Rare Cancers https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30171792/

Drs Sumanta Pal and Pavlos Msaouel discuss the unique pathophysiology of renal medullary carcinoma, treatment options, clinical trials, and the importance of screening and early detection.

Relevant disclosures can be found with the episode show notes on Medscape (https://www.medscape.com/viewarticle/984239). The topics and discussions are planned, produced, and reviewed independently of advertisers. This podcast is intended only for US healthcare professionals.

Resources

Renal Medullary Carcinoma and Its Association With Sickle Cell Trait: A Case Report and Literature Review https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32218668/

Renal Medullary Carcinoma: The Kidney Cancer That Affects Individuals With Sickle Cell Trait and Disease https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28697316/

Renal Medullary Carcinoma: A National Analysis of 159 Patients https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28485059/

Sickle Cell Trait https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30725815/

2004 WHO Classification of the Renal Tumors of the Adults https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16442207/

Renal Cell Carcinoma Unclassified With Medullary Phenotype in a Patient With Neurofibromatosis Type 2 - PubMed (nih.gov) https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36975468/

Association of High-Intensity Exercise With Renal Medullary Carcinoma in Individuals With Sickle Cell Trait: Clinical Observations and Experimental Animal Studies https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34885132/

Metastatic Renal Medullary and Collecting Duct Carcinoma in the Era of Antiangiogenic and Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors: A Multicentric Retrospective Study https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35406448/

Ixazomib, Gemcitabine, and Doxorubicin in Treating Patients With Locally Advanced or Metastatic Kidney Cancer https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03587662

Phase II Trial of Immunotherapy in Patients With Carcinomas Arising From the Renal Medulla https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT05347212

Drs Sumanta Pal and David A. Braun discuss the role of single-cell sequencing as a biomarker in renal cell carcinoma, how it is evolving, and how it might apply in other domains.

Relevant disclosures can be found with the episode show notes on Medscape (https://www.medscape.com/viewarticle/984238). The topics and discussions are planned, produced, and reviewed independently of advertisers. This podcast is intended only for US healthcare professionals.

Resources

Single-Cell RNA Sequencing Technologies and Applications: A Brief Overview https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35352511/

Progressive Immune Dysfunction With Advancing Disease Stage in Renal Cell Carcinoma https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33711273/

Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors in Non-Conventional Histologies of Renal-Cell Carcinoma https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36758960/

Prevalence and Landscape of Actionable Genomic Alterations in Renal Cell Carcinoma https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34261695/

Molecular Profiling in Early ER+ Breast Cancer to Aid Systemic Therapy Decisions https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36862337/

Dysbiosis of a Microbiota-Immune Metasystem in Critical Illness Is Associated With Nosocomial Infections https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36894652/

A Single-Cell Atlas Reveals Shared and Distinct Immune Responses and Metabolic Profiles in SARS-CoV-2 and HIV-1 Infections https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36992700/

Revealing the Vectors of Cellular Identity With Single-Cell Genomics https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27824854/

Nivolumab Versus Everolimus in Patients With Advanced Renal Cell Carcinoma: Updated Results With Long-term Follow-up of the Randomized, Open-Label, Phase 3 CheckMate 025 Trial https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32673417/

Drs Sumanta Pal and Scott Haake discuss the biology of kidney cancer and how to incorporate tissue biomarkers into prospective studies on renal cell carcinoma.

Relevant disclosures can be found with the episode show notes on Medscape (https://www.medscape.com/viewarticle/984237). The topics and discussions are planned, produced, and reviewed independently of advertisers. This podcast is intended only for US healthcare professionals.

Resources

W. Kimryn Rathmell, MD, PhD, MMHC https://www.vumc.org/viiii/person/w-kimryn-rathmell-md-phd-mmhc

Novel Emerging Biomarkers to Immunotherapy in Kidney Cancer https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34868351/

PD1 and PD-L1 Inhibitors for the Treatment of Kidney Cancer: The Role of PD-L1 Assay https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32208115/

Oncogene-Specific Differences in Tumor Mutational Burden, PD-L1 Expression, and Outcomes From Immunotherapy in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34376553/

Multiomics in Primary and Metastatic Breast Tumors From the AURORA US Network Finds Microenvironment and Epigenetic Drivers of Metastasis https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36585450/

Avelumab Plus Axitinib Versus Sunitinib in Advanced Renal Cell Carcinoma: Biomarker Analysis of the Phase 3 JAVELIN Renal 101 Trial https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32895571/

Clinical Activity and Molecular Correlates of Response to Atezolizumab Alone or in Combination With Bevacizumab Versus Sunitinib in Renal Cell Carcinoma https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29867230/

Atezolizumab Plus Bevacizumab Versus Sunitinib in Patients With Previously Untreated Metastatic Renal Cell Carcinoma (IMmotion151): A Multicentre, Open-Label, Phase 3, Randomised Controlled Trial https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31079938/

Insights Into the Genetic Basis of the Renal Cell Carcinomas From the Cancer Genome Atlas https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27330105/

Genetic Testing to Select Therapy for the Treatment of Advanced or Metastatic Kidney Cancer, OPTIC RCC Study https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT05361720

Drs Sumanta Pal and Martin Voss discuss second-line treatment of renal cell carcinoma, including current studies and agents used in the refractory setting.

Relevant disclosures can be found with the episode show notes on Medscape (https://www.medscape.com/viewarticle/968745). The topics and discussions are planned, produced, and reviewed independently of advertisers. This podcast is intended only for US healthcare professionals.

Resources

Renal Cell Carcinoma Treatment & Management https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/281340-treatment

Comparative Effectiveness of Axitinib Versus Sorafenib in Advanced Renal Cell Carcinoma (AXIS): A Randomised Phase 3 Trial https://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS0140-6736(11)61613-9/fulltext

Cabozantinib Versus Everolimus in Advanced Renal-Cell Carcinoma https://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMoa1510016

CANTATA: Primary Analysis of a Global, Randomized, Placebo (Pbo)-Controlled, Double-Blind Trial of Telaglenastat (CB-839) + Cabozantinib Versus Pbo + Cabozantinib in Advanced/Metastatic Renal Cell Carcinoma (mRCC) Patients (pts) Who Progressed on Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor (ICI) or Anti-Angiogenic Therapies. https://ascopubs.org/doi/abs/10.1200/JCO.2021.39.15_suppl.4501

FDA Approves Tivozanib for Relapsed or Refractory Advanced Renal Cell Carcinoma https://www.fda.gov/drugs/resources-information-approved-drugs/fda-approves-tivozanib-relapsed-or-refractory-advanced-renal-cell-carcinoma

Tivozanib Versus Sorafenib in Patients With Advanced Renal Cell Carcinoma (TIVO-3): A Phase 3, Multicentre, Randomised, Controlled, Open-Label Study https://www.thelancet.com/journals/lanonc/article/PIIS1470-2045(19)30735-1/fulltext

Lenvatinib, Everolimus, and the Combination in Patients With Metastatic Renal Cell Carcinoma: A Randomised, Phase 2, Open-Label, Multicentre Trial https://www.thelancet.com/journals/lanonc/article/PIIS1470-2045(15)00290-9/fulltext

A Study of Atezolizumab in Combination With Cabozantinib Compared to Cabozantinib Alone in Participants With Advanced Renal Cell Carcinoma After Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor Treatment (CONTACT-03) https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04338269

TiNivo: Safety and Efficacy of Tivozanib-Nivolumab Combination Therapy in Patients With Metastatic Renal Cell Carcinoma https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0923-7534(20)42472-X

Kidney Cancer Research Summit https://kcrs.kidneycan.org/

Drs Sumanta Pal and Rana McKay discuss the use of biomarkers in treating patients with renal cell carcinoma to identify whose disease will recur and who will respond to therapy.

Relevant disclosures can be found with the episode show notes on Medscape (https://www.medscape.com/viewarticle/968743). The topics and discussions are planned, produced, and reviewed independently of advertiser. This podcast is intended only for US healthcare professionals.

Resources

Longitudinal Molecular Profiling of Circulating Tumor Cells in Metastatic Renal Cell Carcinoma https://ascopubs.org/doi/10.1200/JCO.22.00219

The Detection of EpCAM+ and EpCAM­– Circulating Tumor Cells https://www.nature.com/articles/srep12270

Optimized Management of Nivolumab and Ipilimumab in Advanced Renal Cell Carcinoma: A Response-Based Phase II Study (OMNIVORE) https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7768333/

ctDNA Guiding Adjuvant Immunotherapy in Urothelial Carcinoma https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-021-03642-9

Clinical Activity and Molecular Correlates of Response to Atezolizumab Alone or in Combination With Bevacizumab Versus Sunitinib in Renal Cell Carcinoma https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6721896/

Atezolizumab Plus Bevacizumab Versus Sunitinib in Patients With Previously Untreated Metastatic Renal Cell Carcinoma (IMmotion151): A Multicentre, Open-Label, Phase 3, Randomised Controlled Trial https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0140-6736(19)30723-8

Nivolumab Plus Ipilimumab Versus Sunitinib in Advanced Renal-Cell Carcinoma https://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/nejmoa1712126

Genetic Testing to Select Therapy for the Treatment of Advanced or Metastatic Kidney Cancer, OPTIC RCC Study https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT05361720

Study of Cabozantinib in Combination With Nivolumab and Ipilimumab in Patients With Previously Untreated Advanced or Metastatic Renal Cell Carcinoma (COSMIC-313) https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03937219

Single-Cell RNA Sequencing of Human Kidney https://www.nature.com/articles/s41597-019-0351-8

Progressive Immune Dysfunction With Advancing Disease Stage in Renal Cell Carcinoma https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8138872/

Drs Sumanta Pal and Jennifer Wargo discuss how the gut microbiome impacts response to cancer therapy in patients with renal cell carcinoma.

Relevant disclosures can be found with the episode show notes on Medscape (https://www.medscape.com/viewarticle/968742). The topics and discussions are planned, produced, and reviewed independently of advertiser. This podcast is intended only for US healthcare professionals.

Resources

Gut Microbiome Modulates Response to Anti-PD-1 Immunotherapy in Melanoma Patients https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5827966/

The Microbiome in Cancer Immunotherapy: Diagnostic Tools and Therapeutic Strategies https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29567708/

Commensal Bifidobacterium Promotes Antitumor Immunity and Facilitates Anti-PD-L1 Efficacy https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4873287/

Anticancer Immunotherapy by CTLA-4 Blockade Relies on the Gut Microbiota https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4721659/

Gut Microbiome Influences Efficacy of PD-1-Based Immunotherapy Against Epithelial Tumors https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29097494/

Dietary Fiber and Probiotics Influence the Gut Microbiome and Melanoma Immunotherapy Response https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8970537/

Fiber in Diet Linked to Cancer Immunotherapy Response https://www.nih.gov/news-events/nih-research-matters/fiber-diet-linked-cancer-immunotherapy-response

Fecal Microbiota Transplant Promotes Response in Immunotherapy-Refractory Melanoma Patients https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.abb5920

Fecal Microbiota Transplant Overcomes Resistance to Anti-PD-1 Therapy in Melanoma Patients https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33542131/

Fecal Microbiota for Transplantation: Safety Alert - Risk of Serious Adverse Events Likely Due to Transmission of Pathogenic Organisms https://www.fda.gov/safety/medical-product-safety-information/fecal-microbiota-transplantation-safety-alert-risk-serious-adverse-events-likely-due-transmission

Fecal Microbiota Transplantation Followed by Anti–PD-1 Treatment in Patients With Advanced Melanoma https://ascopubs.org/doi/abs/10.1200/JCO.2022.40.16_suppl.9533

Tocilizumab, Ipilimumab, and Nivolumab for the Treatment of Advanced Melanoma, Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer, or Urothelial Carcinoma https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04940299

Nivolumab plus Ipilimumab With or Without Live Bacterial Supplementation in Metastatic Renal Cell Carcinoma: A Randomized Phase 1 Trial https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9018425/

Drs Sumanta Pal and Mehmet Asim Bilen discuss the complexities of treating patients with non–clear cell renal carcinoma, the nuances of rare subtypes, and when to use chemotherapy vs immunotherapy.

Relevant disclosures can be found with the episode show notes on Medscape (https://www.medscape.com/viewarticle/968741). The topics and discussions are planned, produced, and reviewed independently of advertiser. This podcast is intended only for US healthcare professionals.

Resources

Renal Cell Carcinoma https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/281340-overview

Kidney Cancer, Version 3.2022, NCCN Clinical Practice Guidelines in Oncology https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34991070/

PAPMET Trial: Testing Cabozantinib, Crizotinib, Savolitinib and Sunitinib in Kidney Cancer Which Has Progressed https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT02761057

Phase II Trial of Cabozantinib Plus Nivolumab in Patients With Non–Clear-Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma and Genomic Correlates https://ascopubs.org/doi/10.1200/JCO.21.01944

Phase I Study of Cabozantinib and Nivolumab Alone or With Ipilimumab for Advanced or Metastatic Urothelial Carcinoma and Other Genitourinary Tumors https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7605393/

Cabozantinib Plus Nivolumab Phase I Expansion Study in Patients With Metastatic Urothelial Carcinoma Refractory to Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor Therapy https://aacrjournals.org/clincancerres/article/28/7/1353/682207/Cabozantinib-plus-Nivolumab-Phase-I-Expansion

Cabozantinib in Combination With Atezolizumab for Advanced Renal Cell Carcinoma: Results From the COSMIC-021 Study https://ascopubs.org/doi/10.1200/JCO.21.00939

A Single-Arm, Multicenter, Phase 2 Study of Lenvatinib Plus Everolimus in Patients With Advanced Non–Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33867192/

ESMO 2022 https://www.esmo.org/meetings/esmo-immuno-oncology-congress-2022/abstracts

Efficacy of Savolitinib vs Sunitinib in Patients With MET-Driven Papillary Renal Cell Carcinoma. The SAVOIR Phase 3 Randomized Clinical Trial https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamaoncology/fullarticle/2766797

SAMETA: An Open-Label, Three-Arm, Multicenter, Phase III Study of Savolitinib + Durvalumab Versus Sunitinib and Durvalumab Monotherapy in Patients With MET-Driven, Unresectable, Locally Advanced/Metastatic Papillary Renal Cell Carcinoma (PRCC). https://ascopubs.org/doi/abs/10.1200/JCO.2022.40.16_suppl.TPS4601

A Phase II Trial of Doxorubicin and Gemcitabine in Renal Cell Carcinoma With Sarcomatoid Features: ECOG 8802 https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21298497/

A Study of Nivolumab Combined With Cabozantinib Compared to Sunitinib in Previously Untreated Advanced or Metastatic Renal Cell Carcinoma (CheckMate 9ER) https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03141177