mtDNA from the Early Bronze Age to the Roman Period Suggests a Genetic Link between the Indian Subcontinent and Mesopotamian Cradle of Civilization.  Ancient Mesopotamia (from the Greek meaning “between two rivers”) comprised the region watered by the Tigris and the Euphrates and contained at different times the ancient civilizations of the Sumer, the Akkadian, the Babylonian, and the Assyrian empires dating from 6,500 years ago till about 2,500 years ago.  But new genetic research on dental remains (teeth) of four individuals who lived between 4,500 years ago to 1,600 years ago shows genetic linkages  – which are not present in current populations – with peoples from Tibet, the Himalayas, India and Pakistan. 

A second paper  studied “fifty-nine dental non-metric traits on a sample of teeth from 350 human skeletons excavated at three sites in the lower middle Euphrates valley. This showed a stable population until after the Mongolian invasion which resulted in a large depopulation of northern Mesopotamia in the 13th century CE. The final major change occurred during the 17th century with Bedouin tribes arriving from the Arabian Peninsula.”    

Article References:  Ancient Mesopotamia had genetic links to the Indian sub-continent  https://6000generations.wordpress.com/2013/09/29/ancient-mesopotamia-had-genetic-links-to-the-indian-sub-continent/ 

mtDNA from the Early Bronze Age to the Roman Period Suggests a Genetic Link between the Indian Subcontinent and Mesopotamian Cradle of Civilization  https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0073682 

Tamil Merchant in Ancient Mesopotamia  https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0109331#:~:text=Recent%20analyses%20of%20ancient%20Mesopotamian,origin%20of%20the%20ancient%20Mesopotamians  

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