For additional notes and resources check out Douglas' website.

Main ideas:

• 1st century: apostles agree Gentiles are not obligated to follow Torah (Acts 15:1-35; Titus 1:10-11).
• 19th century: rooted in evangelism of Jews, Zionism, and Dispensationalism.
• 20th century: birthed in groups like "Jews for Jesus" (1960s-1970s).
• In short, there is no "Messianic Judaism" until a few generations ago. The movement is marked not by its antiquity, but by its novelty.
• Terminology: many Semitic words are embraced, like Yeshua. Words historically offensive to Jews are avoided (e.g. crusade, cross, baptism, BC & AD). The term "Messianic" means that they accept Jesus as the Messiah.