This episode explores two families of enveloped negative-sense RNA viruses often associated with zoonotic transmission and severe systemic disease. Drawing from Murray’s Chapter 53, it examines ecological reservoirs and genomic structure as determinants of epidemiology.

The Bunyaviridae family (now taxonomically expanded but conceptually preserved in Murray) includes viruses transmitted by mosquitoes, ticks, or rodents. Many possess segmented genomes, allowing reassortment. Clinical manifestations range from febrile illness to haemorrhagic fever and encephalitis.

The Arenaviridae family includes rodent-borne viruses such as Lassa fever virus. Transmission typically occurs via inhalation of aerosolised rodent excreta. Severe cases involve vascular leakage, immune dysregulation, and multiorgan involvement.

Conceptually, these viruses reinforce three themes:

* Zoonotic reservoirs drive human infection

* Segmented genomes enable genetic variability

* Severe disease often reflects immune-mediated vascular instability

Clinically, outbreak recognition, supportive care, and strict infection control are central to management.

Key Takeaways

* Bunyaviruses and arenaviruses are enveloped negative-sense RNA viruses

* Many are zoonotic and vector-borne

* Genome segmentation permits reassortment (bunyaviruses)

* Severe disease may include haemorrhagic features

* Public health containment is critical

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