3.20 Vibrio Species

Microbiology review for the USMLE Step 1 Exam

• Vibrio species are gram negative comma-shaped rods with a single flagellum, allowing them to move quickly
• Two main species that cause human infections: Vibrio cholerae and Vibrio vulnificus
• Vibrio cholerae causes foodborne disease called cholera through cholera toxin secretion, spread through the fecal-oral route in developing countries
• Cholera is characterized by watery, mucinous diarrhea, if left untreated can lead to hypovolemic shock and high mortality
• Treatment involves rapid rehydration and electrolyte replacement, antibiotics may be used for severe cases
• Vibrio vulnificus causes severe skin infections acquired through exposure of open wounds in marine environments
• Symptoms include cellulitis, swelling, blister formation, ulceration, and hemorrhagic bullae