According to the CDC, heart disease is the leading cause of death for men, women, and people of most racial and ethnic groups in the United States, which balances out to one person dying every 34 seconds in the United States. One cause of heart disease is valvular heart disease. Moderator Lillie Shockney is joined by cardiac surgeon, Dr. James Gammie, who serves as surgical lead and co-director for the Johns Hopkins Heart and Vascular Institute and cardiac surgeon-in-chief for the Johns Hopkins Health System.