In this episode, we review Sjögren syndrome, a systemic autoimmune disorder that primarily affects the exocrine glands, leading to dry eyes (keratoconjunctivitis sicca) and dry mouth (xerostomia). We explore the immune-mediated pathophysiology involving lymphocytic infiltration of salivary and lacrimal glands, the role of autoantibodies such as SSA/Ro and SSB/La, and the increased risk of B-cell lymphoma associated with chronic immune activation. The episode highlights common clinical features including ocular and oral dryness, parotid gland enlargement, fatigue, and a variety of extraglandular manifestations affecting the lungs, kidneys, nerves, and skin. We also discuss diagnostic evaluation with tests such as the Schirmer test, autoantibody panels, and salivary gland imaging or biopsy, along with supportive and systemic treatment options. High-yield clinical pearls reinforce how to recognize this frequently underdiagnosed autoimmune condition in both clinical practice and board-style scenarios.

References

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