In July 1863, at the height and heat of the American Civil War, a race riot erupted in New York City, in response to the drafting of thousands into the Union Army. For four days, the city seethed with indiscriminate mob violence, fire, and chaos. The grievance of the rioters was the same as the national war itself; the cause of Black freedom and the social costs to Whites.

• "When America Hated Catholics." By JOSH ZEITZ September 23, 2015 | POLITICO Magazine
• "When America Despised the Irish: The 19th Century’s Refugee Crisis" BY: CHRISTOPHER KLEIN UPDATED: JUNE 1, 2023 | HISTORY
• Irish in the American Civil War
• July 13, 1863: New York City Draft Riots and Massacre - Zinn Education Project
• New York City Draft Riots | Lincoln Memorial Shrine Website
• After the Riots: New York's Black Community Responds and Rebuilds - Tenement Museum Website
• "Recalling a Place of Sanctuary for Black Orphans" By Elissa Gootman | New York Times | April 7, 2003
• "The Devil's Own Work: The Civil War Draft Riots and the Fight to Reconstruct America" by Barnet Schecter
• "How the Irish Famine changed New York City forever" By Anelise Hanson Shrout | Raidió Teilifís Éireann, Ireland's National Public Service Media

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Artwork: Brittany Schall

Music: "Danse Macabre" by Camille Saint-Saens, performed by Kevin MacLeod