This episode explores Nietzsche’s diagnosis of nihilism in Western culture, detailing its forms—despair, disorientation, and lack of higher values—as seen in Schopenhauer, Buddhism, Christianity, and the 'last man.' Nietzsche critiques old values, sees nihilism as inevitable, and calls for overcoming it through life-affirmation, new values, and the creation of the Übermensch, who embraces the will to power and eternal recurrence as solutions to meaninglessness.