"Noise: A Flaw in Human Judgment" explores the concept of "noise," defined as the variability in judgments that should be identical. The authors argue that noise is a significant source of error in human judgment, often overlooked, but as impactful as bias. They provide examples across diverse fields such as sentencing, insurance, hiring, and medical diagnosis. The text examines the causes of noise, including individual differences, psychological biases, and the ambiguity of judgment scales. The authors also explore strategies for reducing noise through the use of structured judgments, guidelines, and algorithms. Ultimately, the excerpt argues that understanding and mitigating noise is critical for improving the accuracy and fairness of human judgment in various professional settings.