Observations of planetary winds and outflows by Leonardo A. Dos Santos. on Wednesday 30 November

We have recently hit the milestone of 5,000 exoplanets discovered. In stark

contrast with the Solar System, most of the exoplanets we know to date orbit

extremely close to their host stars, causing them to lose copious amounts of

gas through atmospheric escape at some stage in their lives. In some planets,

this process can be so dramatic that they shrink in timescales of a few million

to billions of years, imprinting features in the demographics of transiting

exoplanets. Depending on the transit geometry, ionizing conditions, and

atmospheric properties, a planetary outflow can be observed using transmission

spectroscopy in the ultraviolet, optical or near-infrared. In this review, we

will discuss the main techniques to observe evaporating exoplanets and their

results. To date, we have evidence that at least 28 exoplanets are currently

losing their atmospheres, and the literature has reported at least 42

non-detections.

arXiv: http://arxiv.org/abs/http://arxiv.org/abs/2211.16243v1