This Week in History

October 20th: Promises, Power, and Perseverance


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Let us start with a journey back to this very week in history, focusing on three remarkable events that shaped the world in different ways—a military promise kept, a political earthquake in Washington, and a legendary journey's end in China. Each of these moments is worthy of a spotlight, so let us unfold them one by one.

On October twentieth, nineteen forty-four, General Douglas MacArthur made good on one of the most famous pledges in military history. After being ordered to leave the Philippines by President Franklin D. Roosevelt in early nineteen forty-two, as Japanese forces seized the islands, MacArthur vowed, “I shall return.” Two and a half years later, with Allied forces pushing back across the Pacific, MacArthur waded ashore at Leyte, announcing, “People of the Philippines, I have returned.” This was not just a dramatic moment in war—it became a symbol of American resolve and MacArthur’s own obstinate personality. The landing marked the beginning of the end for Japanese control of the Philippines, rekindling hope for Filipino resistance fighters and signaling a turning point in the Pacific campaign. The phrase “I shall return” entered the lexicon, embodying persistence and the fulfillment of a personal and national promise.

The second event took place on October twentieth, nineteen seventy-three, in the thick of the Watergate scandal that eventually brought down a president. That night, President Richard Nixon, desperate to stop the investigation into his administration’s crimes, ordered Attorney General Elliot Richardson to fire special prosecutor Archibald Cox, who was demanding Nixon’s secret tape recordings. Richardson, a man of principle, refused and resigned on the spot. Nixon then turned to Deputy Attorney General William Ruckelshaus, who also refused and resigned. Finally, Solicitor General Robert Bork, now acting Attorney General, carried out the order and dismissed Cox. The press quickly dubbed this the “Saturday Night Massacre.” The public outcry was immediate and fierce, fueling calls for impeachment. This night became a defining moment in American political history, showing the limits of executive power and the importance of checks and balances. It also accelerated Nixon’s downfall—within a year, he would become the first U.S. president to resign.

The third event transports us to China on October twentieth, nineteen thirty-five, when Mao Zedong’s Communist forces completed the Long March, arriving in Yanan after a grueling six-thousand-mile retreat from Chiang Kai-shek’s Nationalist armies. The Long March began in October of the previous year, when Mao and his followers fled their base in southern China, pursued relentlessly by Nationalist troops. The journey was a harrowing ordeal—crossing mountains, swamps, and deserts, with constant hunger, cold, and skirmishes. Only about ten percent of the original force survived. Yet, this hardship forged the core of the Chinese Communist leadership and turned Mao into a revolutionary legend. Upon reaching Yanan, Mao and his followers regrouped, rebuilt their army, and began promoting their vision for a new China. The Long March became a foundational myth for the Communist Party, symbolizing endurance, sacrifice, and ultimate triumph. It paved the way for Mao’s eventual victory in the Chinese Civil War and the establishment of the People’s Republic of China in nineteen forty-nine.

Each of these events—MacArthur’s return, the Saturday Night Massacre, and the end of the Long March—left an indelible mark. They remind us that history is not just about dates and places, but about promises kept and broken, power challenged, and endurance against overwhelming odds. If you enjoy these stories from the past, consider tuning in next time for more deep dives into the days that changed our world. Thank you for listening, and remember to subscribe for more historical journeys. This has been a quiet please production, for more check out quiet please dot ai.

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This Week in HistoryBy Inception Point Ai