The provided sources examine oculocutaneous albinism (OCA), a genetic condition primarily caused by mutations in the OCA2 gene that disrupt melanin production. Research from Southern Africa highlights the epidemiological and psychosocial challenges faced by affected individuals, including high skin cancer risks, social stigmatisation, and the persistence of dangerous cultural myths. Conversely, modern cosmetic science explores modulating OCA2 expression as a method to enhance skin brightness and treat hyperpigmentation. Collectively, these texts cover the molecular mechanisms, clinical management, and historical research of albinism, as well as its emerging role in dermatological therapeutics. The sources also emphasize the importance of genetic counselling and protective care to manage visual impairments and life-threatening dermatological complications.