In this episode, Dr. Chris Lopez discusses the advancements in posterior segment technology, focusing on four key areas: ERG (Electroretinography), extended color vision, virtual visual field testing, and lasers in optometry. ERG, now a handheld device, assesses retinal function objectively, with protocols like DRA for diabetic retinopathy. Extended color vision tests, quick and subjective, aid in retinal and optic nerve function assessment. Virtual visual fields, performed via headsets, offer convenience and are comparable to traditional tests. Lasers, including YAG capsulotomy, LPI, and SLT, are increasingly used by optometrists, especially in rural areas, despite low ROI, emphasizing comprehensive patient care.