This chapter from Outdoor Emergency Care: A Patroller's Guide to Medical Care (6th edition) outlines the crucial frameworks for managing emergencies and triaging patients, particularly in scenarios with multiple casualties. It introduces the National Incident Management System (NIMS) and its core component, the Incident Command System (ICS), detailing the five functional areas—Incident Command, Operations, Planning, Logistics, and Finance/Administration—that ensure an organized and efficient response. Furthermore, the text thoroughly explains different triage systems, such as SALT and START, which are vital for rapidly assessing and prioritizing patients for treatment and transport in mass casualty incidents, emphasizing techniques like "30-2-Can Do" for quick evaluation. The overarching purpose is to equip Outdoor Emergency Care (OEC) technicians with the knowledge and skills to effectively handle complex emergency situations.