The optimism found in Aristotle’s view of human nature has been rarely shared by other philosophers. While Aristotle (384-422 BC) regarded humans as rational captains of their destiny, most thinkers in history have considered humans as deficient creatures driven by instincts and social pressure. John Vespasian explains that Aristotle’s predecessor and teacher Plato (429-347 BC) gave his views on human nature in his books titled “The Republic” and “Phaedo.” In “The Republic,” Plato theories about the division of the human soul in three parts (reason, emotions, and instincts). The same three parts appear in Aristotle’s writings. It’s clear that he had taken over Plato’s theory almost verbatim. However, there are large differences between Aristotle’s and Plato’s views on human nature. Plato had sustained the theory that the human soul is immortal and that it preexists birth. Here is the link to the original article: https://johnvespasian.com/opponents-to-aristotles-thoughts-on-human-nature/