This original investigation published in JAMA Neurology concerning the association between influenza, oseltamivir treatment, and serious neuropsychiatric events in children and adolescents. The study, conducted retrospectively using data from Tennessee Medicaid, aimed to determine if oseltamivir, a common antiviral, is linked to these events or if the influenza infection itself is the primary factor. The findings indicate that while influenza infection increases the risk of neuropsychiatric events, oseltamivir treatment was associated with a reduced risk of these complications compared to untreated influenza. This research supports the use of oseltamivir for preventing influenza-related neurological and psychiatric issues in the pediatric population.