In this episode of the You Gotta Hack That podcast, the conversation continues with Emily, a principal industrial cyber security consultant, as they delve into the real-world threats facing operational technology (OT) environments. The discussion highlights the inadequacies of traditional IT penetration testing when applied to OT networks, emphasizing the need for tailored approaches that consider the unique vulnerabilities and operational realities of these systems. Emily and Felix explore the concept of dwell time, illustrating how sophisticated attackers can remain undetected within networks for extended periods, gathering intelligence before launching attacks. They stress the importance of understanding actual risks and the necessity of continuous monitoring and testing to ensure robust cyber security measures are in place.