Every World Cup brings with it controversies about the beautiful sport: Who is the actual winner of the tournament (e.g., in 2018, was it France or Africa that won the World Cup)? Is football in Africa a part of a larger scheme of labor extraction? How is the sport a reflection of the relationship the Global South has with the North (or the North forces upon the South)?
In the aftermath of the 2026 FIFA World Cup, popular narratives about African football have once again centred on talent, opportunity and global success. Yet the tournament also highlighted a football economy shaped by imperialism, capitalism, racial inequality and uneven development. In this conversation with James Esson and Christian Ungruhe, co-authors with Paul Darby of African Football Migration, we discuss how young African players are recruited, valued and moved through academies, intermediaries and international labour markets. We also explore exploitation, human trafficking, gendered migration and what football reveals about Africa's place within the global political economy. African Football Migration is published by Manchester University Press and is available open access.
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