For our weekly “Ideas on Europe” editorial by UACES, the University Association for European Studies, we welcome Joanna Ciesielska-Klikowska from the University of Lodz, in Poland.

Joanna, together with your colleagues Tomasz Kamiński and Michal Gzik, you have conducted a survey on the cooperation of cities in Europe with Chinese municipalities, which is a form of paradiplomatic activities.