Brief Summary

In this episode, we explore the Reign of Terror during the French Revolution and its violent impact on society. We discuss the root of conflicts as the problem of power and the importance of objective rules. We also touch on teaching morality to children and the impact of religious beliefs on ethics. Examining the use of violence in enforcing virtue, we delve into the gruesome details of executions and the dangerous belief of "believe all accusations." As we approach the downfall of Robespierre, we reflect on the repercussions of his actions and the ultimate reinstatement of the monarchy.

Chapters

0:00:00 The Problem of Power and the French Revolution

0:03:16 Power, Control, and the Contradictions of Central Planners

0:05:41 GPS: Informing, not Ordering

0:07:47 Calculator Ban: Finding Creative Solutions

0:08:30 Teaching Kids About Stealing: The Golden Rule and UPB

0:10:24 The Principle of Stealing: Can Everyone Do That?

0:12:15 Practical Consequences of Stealing and Opposite Rules

0:20:06 Unjust to Hold Children Accountable for Unexplained Morality

0:22:02 Linking Punishment with Morality and the Role of God

0:22:30 The Trial and Death of Danton

0:24:40 Robespierre's Report on Political Morality

0:33:16 Hébert's Fate: From Bold Words to Overwhelming Terror

0:34:59 The Cycle of Violence and its Consequences

0:38:59 The Solution: Less Violence, More Power to the State?

0:41:32 The Final Moments of Robespierre's Reign of Terror

Long Summary

In this episode, we delve into the culmination of the French Revolution, the Reign of Terror, and its violent impact on society. Before delving into the brutal details, I start the conversation by exploring the concept of power. I emphasize that the root of societal conflicts lies in the problem of power and the question of whether individuals are obeying someone personally or following objective rules.

I draw parallels between power dynamics in various fields, such as science and medicine, to highlight the importance of objective rules and principles rather than blind obedience to authority. I also express my belief that philosophy and peace are interconnected, with rational philosophy rooted in empirical evidence and sound reasoning.

Moving on to the topic of teaching morality to children, I provide an example of teaching independence and problem-solving skills to my daughter by giving her a quarter to ride an amusement park-style machine at the mall. I stress the importance of clear explanations in moral instruction rather than relying on fear or punishment.

We discuss the impact of religious teachings on morality and the notion of an all-seeing God. I argue that removing belief in God removes the conscience and restraint on human evil, leading to a disregard for morality and consequences. I criticize the idea of eliminating human institutions as a solution to ethical dilemmas, highlighting the universality of certain moral principles.

The conversation takes a historical turn as we discuss the French Revolution and its connection to power and morality. We critically analyze the use of violence and punishment to enforce virtue and question the origins of such beliefs. We explore the hypocritical nature of denying individuals their right to defend themselves, as exemplified in the case of Danton.

As we delve deeper into the Reign of Terror, I recount the gruesome details of executions and the toying with victims by the executioners. I emphasize that violence only perpetuates and expands violence, and express sadness at the cycle of violence that continues to repeat itself.