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Here, accused-appellant/s are charged with "caus[ing] undue injury to the Municipality of Barlig, Mountain Province by causing the" implementation of the Open Gym and Pathway projects.Clearly, accused-appellant/s are being charged solely for the act of causing undue injury, to the exclusion of granting unwarranted benefits. As discussed above, causing undue injury and granting unwarranted benefits are distinct and separate acts which necessitate different defenses and forms of proof. Thus, both acts must be alleged in the information in order to convict the accused-appellant/sunder both acts; and the accused-appellant/s cannot be convicted on the basis of either act if not alleged in the information.
Here, accused-appellant/s are charged with "caus[ing] undue injury to the Municipality of Barlig, Mountain Province by causing the" implementation of the Open Gym and Pathway projects.Clearly, accused-appellant/s are being charged solely for the act of causing undue injury, to the exclusion of granting unwarranted benefits. As discussed above, causing undue injury and granting unwarranted benefits are distinct and separate acts which necessitate different defenses and forms of proof. Thus, both acts must be alleged in the information in order to convict the accused-appellant/sunder both acts; and the accused-appellant/s cannot be convicted on the basis of either act if not alleged in the information.