Data from nearly 16,000 French peritoneal dialysis (PD) patients were analyzed in this large observational study, to understand factors influencing transfers to hemodialysis for different reasons. Nurse-assisted PD was associated with a reduced risk of infection-related transfers in the first 18 months and inadequacy-related transfers after 6 months. Continuous ambulatory PD showed higher mechanical issue risks early on but better outcomes after 18 months. Suboptimal-starters had increased psychosocial-related transfer risks in the first 6 months. These findings suggest that understanding timing-specific risk factors could help implement targeted preventive strategies to maintain patients on PD longer.