Phase-Change.mp3

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A SCIENCE NOTE

here There are “in-between” or transitional states of matter—these often occur during phase changes or under extreme or unusual conditions. Here are some key examples:

Supercritical Fluid

Happens when a substance is above its critical temperature and pressure.

In between liquid and gas: it flows like a gas but dissolves substances like a liquid.

Example: Supercritical CO₂ used for decaffeinating coffee.

Mesophases (Liquid Crystals)

Found in substances that exhibit properties of both liquids and solids.

Molecules flow like a liquid but have some ordered structure like a solid.

Example: LCD screens (Liquid Crystal Displays).

Amorphous Solids

Technically solids, but their internal structure is disordered—between a solid and a liquid.

Example: Glass, obsidian, some plastics.

Colloids and Gels

Mixtures where one state is suspended in another (solid in liquid, gas in solid, etc.).

Not pure states but can behave in-between two states.

Example: Jello (solid-liquid), fog (liquid-gas).

These are fleeting but physically real moments during transitions:

Melting Point – Solid → Liquid (particles gaining enough energy to break rigid bonds).

Boiling Point – Liquid → Gas (particles escape surface tension).

Sublimation – Solid → Gas (skipping liquid, like dry ice).

Deposition – Gas → Solid (like frost forming).

Rydberg Matter – Excited atoms loosely bound, between gas and plasma.

Supersolids – Predicted state with properties of both superfluids and crystalline solids.

Time Crystals – A quantum state that appears to oscillate in time without using energy.