In this week’s episode, we continue our conversation on pain and the opioid crisis with Professor Travis Rieder, a Philosopher and Bioethicist at the Berman Institute of Bioethics. Having established the historical context leading to the conflicting pain treatment attitudes doctors hold last week, we speak Professor Rieder as he brings out some of the philosophical problems underpinning pain and addiction. How can a doctor know her patient is in pain? How does a patient's appearance impact how valid their claim to pain is perceived to be? Listen to hear about the non-objectivity of pain, "the most obvious principle,” the philosophical implication of an imagined “pain-o-meter”, and much more!