In this episode, I discuss the first chapter of my book Philosophy as Conversation (1994). I explore why modern philosophy is often described as being “in crisis” and place that crisis in the context of nineteenth‑century thought, with its major figures and the anthropocentric turn introduced by Feuerbach, Marx, Nietzsche, and Freud. I reflect on the influence of scientism, postmodernism, and the “masters of suspicion,” and show how phenomenology, neo‑Kantianism, and classical philosophy (Hegel, Thomas Aquinas) offered alternative responses. The result is an inquiry into whether philosophy, despite skepticism and cultural shifts, is still possible — and how it might regain meaning as a form of conversation.


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"Dare to use your own reason" - Immanuel Kant