Explore the emerging field of Physical Artificial Intelligence (Physical AI), which extends AI capabilities from the digital realm into the tangible world.

They explain how Physical AI systems utilize AI algorithms, sensors, and robotics to perceive, reason, and act in physical environments, contrasting this with traditional, disembodied AI.

The texts trace the historical roots from early automatons and cybernetics to modern embodied AI and robotics foundation models, while also discussing the significant technical challenges in hardware, software integration, data requirements, and the sim-to-real gap.

Finally, the sources examine the practical applications across industries like healthcare, robotics, and manufacturing, alongside the critical ethical considerations and the evolving regulatory landscape necessary for their responsible development and deployment.