Movement is often thought of as a conscious act, yet much of what keeps us upright, balanced, and safe occurs without deliberate thought. Reflexes act first; voluntary control refines later.

In this episode, Medlock Holmes investigates how posture and movement are governed by layered control systems—from spinal reflex arcs to cortical planning centres. We explore stretch reflexes, withdrawal reflexes, reciprocal inhibition, and the integration of sensory feedback that allows movement to be fast, adaptive, and proportionate.

Crucially, this episode highlights how voluntary movement is never purely voluntary. It is scaffolded by reflex pathways, modulated by the cerebellum and basal nuclei, and continuously corrected by sensory input.

Here, physiology reveals an important truth:Freedom of movement depends on systems that act before awareness.

Key Takeaways

* Reflexes provide rapid, automatic responses to sensory input

* Spinal circuits enable movement without cortical delay

* Voluntary movement builds upon reflex architecture

* Sensory feedback continuously shapes motor output

* Posture and balance rely on integration across multiple control centres

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