In this episode, we delve into Pierre Vilar’s Spain: A Brief History, a concise exploration of Spain’s history from its earliest days to 1975. Vilar examines the geographical factors shaping Spain's development and the recurring themes of unity and division. The episode covers Spain's cultural evolution through Roman and Islamic influences, the Reconquista, and the complexities of regionalism. Additionally, we explore Spain's economic and social movements, the devastating Spanish Civil War, and the transition from the Franco regime to democracy.