Welcome back to THE IAS COMPANION.

Today’s lecture focuses on the Panchayati Raj system in India, which aims to establish local self-governance in rural areas. Institutionalized by the 73rd Constitutional Amendment Act of 1992, Panchayati Raj enhances grassroots democracy. The system's evolution began with the Balwant Rai Mehta Committee in 1957, which recommended a three-tier structure. Over time, various committees, including the Ashok Mehta and L M Singhvi Committees, influenced its development. The 73rd Amendment introduced a uniform three-tier system, direct elections, and reservations for marginalized groups. Despite constitutional recognition, the Panchayati Raj Institutions (PRIs) face challenges like inadequate devolution of powers, bureaucratic control, and funding constraints. The PESA Act of 1996 further empowered tribal areas. Addressing these issues is essential for effective rural governance and development. Thank you.