Abstract: Industry 5.0 represents a paradigm shift from automation-centric manufacturing toward human-centric, sustainable, and resilient production systems that harmonize advanced technologies with human creativity and values. This transition demands a fundamentally different leadership archetype—one characterized by polymathic thinking that bridges technical, humanistic, and systems-oriented knowledge domains. Polymathic leaders possess exceptional capacity to learn across disciplines, connect disparate knowledge fields, and integrate insights from technology, psychology, ethics, sustainability, and organizational design into coherent strategic frameworks. Drawing on research from organizational behavior, neuroscience, innovation studies, and industrial transformation literature, this article examines why polymathic leadership has become essential for navigating Industry 5.0's complexity. It explores evidence-based approaches organizations can implement to cultivate polymathic capabilities, presents examples of polymathic leadership in practice across manufacturing, healthcare, and technology sectors, and outlines frameworks for building long-term organizational capacity for interdisciplinary thinking and adaptive problem-solving in an era defined by convergence.