In this episode, we learn positive mitzvah #19, which is declare Shabbat as holy with words.

We verbally declare Shabbat as holy (1) at its beginning, through kiddush, and (2) at its end, through havdala. The Prophet & Sages added two rabbinic ways of fulfilling this mitzva, by (3) preparing for Shabbat and (4) enjoying it.

1. Kiddush (beginning of Shabbat)
   • At the beginning of Shabbat, we declare Shabbat as a holy day ("mekadesh haShabbat")
   • Typically said with a cup of wine, before having a special meal
2. Havdala (end of Shabbat)
   • At the end of Shabbat, we declare that the holy day of Shabbat is over ("lehavdil ben kodesh le'chol")
   • Also typically said with a cup of wine
3. Kavod Shabbat (preparations)
   • wearing nice clothing
   • showering, haircuts, shaving before Shabbat
   • purchasing food before Shabbat
   • cleaning the home and setting up the table before Shabbat
4. Oneg Shabbat (enjoyment)
   • eating and drinking enjoyably
   • resting
   • studying Torah

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