This episode explores a provocative reframing of history: that some of the most "primitive" societies may actually be the most morally advanced — not because they never discovered civilization, but because they outgrew it.

We unpack:

* What makes a society truly morally mature — beyond tech and scale

* How cultures like the Jains, Quakers, and Aboriginal Australians exemplified nonviolence, equity, and enlightened self-interest

* Whether complexity and codified law are symptoms of immaturity, not progress

* The deeply moving refusal of some Indigenous peoples to raise children for a world they consider spiritually bankrupt

* The shocking idea that Aboriginal cultures weren’t pre-agricultural… but post-agricultural, having evolved past it through hard-won experience

“A toddler with a gun lecturing elders who survived the ice age.”

This is an episode about time, humility, and civilizational self-awareness.

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