Nik and Michael are joined by Bruce Momjian to discuss his new talk "What’s Missing in Postgres?"
 
Here are some links to things they mentioned: 

• Bruce Momjian https://postgres.fm/people/bruce-momjian
• EDB https://www.enterprisedb.com
• What’s Missing in Postgres? (Bruce’s slides) https://momjian.us/main/writings/pgsql/missing.pdf
• The Wonderful World of WAL (Bruce’s slides) https://momjian.us/main/writings/pgsql/wal.pdf
• Getting started with benchmarking (our episode with Melanie Plageman) https://postgres.fm/episodes/getting-started-with-benchmarking
• Myths and Truths about Synchronous Replication in Postgres (talk by Alexander Kukushkin) https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PFn9qRGzTMc
• The Future of Postgres Sharding (Bruce’s slides) https://momjian.us/main/writings/pgsql/sharding.pdf
• MultiXact member space exhaustion https://postgres.fm/episodes/multixact-member-space-exhaustion

~~~

What did you like or not like? What should we discuss next time? Let us know via a YouTube comment, on social media, or by commenting on our Google doc!

~~~

Postgres FM is produced by:

• Michael Christofides, founder of pgMustard
• Nikolay Samokhvalov, founder of Postgres.ai

With credit to:

• Jessie Draws for the elephant artwork

Nik and Michael discuss long-running transactions, including when they're harmless, when they cause issues, and how to mitigate those issues.
 
Here are some links to things they mentioned: 

• transaction_timeout https://www.postgresql.org/docs/current/runtime-config-client.html#GUC-TRANSACTION-TIMEOUT
• Our episode on transaction_timeout https://postgres.fm/episodes/transaction_timeout
• Our episode on slow queries (which was also our first ever episode!) https://postgres.fm/episodes/slow-queries-and-slow-transactions
• Our episode on locks https://postgres.fm/episodes/locks
• lock_timeout https://www.postgresql.org/docs/current/runtime-config-client.html#GUC-LOCK-TIMEOUT
• Transaction Isolation levels https://www.postgresql.org/docs/current/transaction-iso.html
• pg_current_xact_id_if_assigned() https://pgpedia.info/p/pg_current_xact_id_if_assigned.html
• Monitor xmin horizon to prevent XID/MultiXID wraparound and high bloat (how-to guide by Nik) https://postgres.ai/docs/postgres-howtos/performance-optimization/monitoring/how-to-monitor-xmin-horizon
• idle_replication_slot_timeout https://www.postgresql.org/docs/current/runtime-config-replication.html#GUC-IDLE-REPLICATION-SLOT-TIMEOUT
• PREPARE TRANSACTION https://www.postgresql.org/docs/current/sql-prepare-transaction.html
• log_autovacuum_min_duration https://www.postgresql.org/docs/devel/runtime-config-logging.html#GUC-LOG-AUTOVACUUM-MIN-DURATION
• PostgreSQL Subtransactions Considered Harmful (blog post by Nikolay) https://postgres.ai/blog/20210831-postgresql-subtransactions-considered-harmful
• statement_timeout https://www.postgresql.org/docs/current/runtime-config-client.html#GUC-STATEMENT-TIMEOUT
• idle_in_transaction_session_timeout https://www.postgresql.org/docs/current/runtime-config-client.html#GUC-IDLE-IN-TRANSACTION-SESSION-TIMEOUT
• lock_timeout https://www.postgresql.org/docs/current/runtime-config-client.html#GUC-LOCK-TIMEOUT

~~~

What did you like or not like? What should we discuss next time? Let us know via a YouTube comment, on social media, or by commenting on our Google doc!

~~~

Postgres FM is produced by:

• Michael Christofides, founder of pgMustard
• Nikolay Samokhvalov, founder of Postgres.ai

With credit to:

• Jessie Draws for the elephant artwork

Nik and Michael are joined by Regina Obe and Paul Ramsey to discuss PostGIS.
 
Here are some links to things they mentioned:

• Regina Obe https://postgres.fm/people/regina-obe
• Paul Ramsey https://postgres.fm/people/paul-ramsey
• PostGIS https://postgis.net
• MobilityDB https://github.com/MobilityDB/MobilityDB
• pgRouting https://github.com/pgRouting/pgrouting
• Google BigQuery GIS public alpha blog post https://cloud.google.com/blog/products/data-analytics/whats-happening-bigquery-integrated-machine-learning-maps-and-more
• PostGIS Day 2025 talk recordings https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wuNO_cW2g-0&list=PLavJpcg8cl1EkQWoCbczsOjFTe-SHg_8m
• pg_lake https://github.com/Snowflake-Labs/pg_lake
• GeoParquet https://geoparquet.org
• ST_DWithin https://postgis.net/docs/ST_DWithin.html
• Postgres JSONB Columns and TOAST: A Performance Guide https://www.snowflake.com/en/engineering-blog/postgres-jsonb-columns-and-toast
• FOSS4G https://foss4g.org
• OpenStreetMap https://www.openstreetmap.org
• PgDay Boston https://2026.pgdayboston.org
• SKILL.md file https://github.com/postgis/postgis/blob/68dde711039986b47eb62feda45bb24b13b0ea37/doc/SKILL.md
• Production query plans without production data (blog post by Radim Marek) https://boringsql.com/posts/portable-stats
• PostgreSQL: Up and Running, 4th Edition (by Regina Obe, Leo Hsu) https://www.oreilly.com/library/view/postgresql-up-and/9798341660885

~~~

What did you like or not like? What should we discuss next time? Let us know via a YouTube comment, on social media, or by commenting on our Google doc!

~~~

Postgres FM is produced by:

• Michael Christofides, founder of pgMustard
• Nikolay Samokhvalov, founder of Postgres.ai

With credit to:

• Jessie Draws for the elephant artwork

Nik and Michael discuss query plan flips in Postgres — what they are, some causes, mitigations, longer term solutions, and the recent outage at Clerk.
 
Here are some links to things they mentioned: 

• Recent postmortem from Clerk https://clerk.com/blog/2026-02-19-system-outage-postmortem
• The real cost of random I/O (blog post by Tomas Vondra) https://vondra.me/posts/the-real-cost-of-random-io
• autovacuum_analyze_scale_factor https://www.postgresql.org/docs/current/runtime-config-vacuum.html#GUC-AUTOVACUUM-ANALYZE-SCALE-FACTOR
• default_statistics_target https://www.postgresql.org/docs/current/runtime-config-query.html#GUC-DEFAULT-STATISTICS-TARGET
• pg_hint_plan https://github.com/ossc-db/pg_hint_plan
• Aurora PostgreSQL query plan management https://docs.aws.amazon.comAmazonRDS/latest/AuroraUserGuide/AuroraPostgreSQL.Optimize.Start.html
• pg_stat_plans https://github.com/pganalyze/pg_stat_plans
• pg_plan_alternatives https://jnidzwetzki.github.io/2026/03/04/pg-plan-alternatives.html
• Waiting for Postgres 19: Better Planner Hints with Path Generation Strategies https://pganalyze.com/blog/5mins-postgres-19-better-planner-hints

~~~

What did you like or not like? What should we discuss next time? Let us know via a YouTube comment, on social media, or by commenting on our Google doc!

~~~

Postgres FM is produced by:

• Michael Christofides, founder of pgMustard
• Nikolay Samokhvalov, founder of Postgres.ai

With credit to:

• Jessie Draws for the elephant artwork

Nik and Michael discuss pg_ash — a new tool (not extension!) from Nik that samples and stores wait events from pg_stat_activity.
 
Here are some links to things they mentioned: 

• pg_ash https://github.com/NikolayS/pg_ash
• pg_wait_sampling https://github.com/postgrespro/pg_wait_sampling
• Amazon RDS performance insights https://aws.amazon.com/rds/performance-insights
• Our episode on wait events https://postgres.fm/episodes/wait-events
• pg-flight-recorder https://github.com/dventimisupabase/pg-flight-recorder
• pg_profile https://github.com/zubkov-andrei/pg_profile
• pg_cron https://github.com/citusdata/pg_cron

~~~

What did you like or not like? What should we discuss next time? Let us know via a YouTube comment, on social media, or by commenting on our Google doc!

~~~

Postgres FM is produced by:

• Michael Christofides, founder of pgMustard
• Nikolay Samokhvalov, founder of Postgres.ai

With credit to:

• Jessie Draws for the elephant artwork

Nik and Michael discuss query level comments, object level comments, and another way of adding object level metadata.
 
Here are some links to things they mentioned: 

• Object comments https://www.postgresql.org/docs/current/sql-comment.html
• Query comment syntax (from an old version of the docs) https://www.postgresql.org/docs/7.0/syntax519.htm
• SQL Comments, Please! (Post by Markus Winand) https://modern-sql.com/caniuse/comments
• “While C-style block comments are passed to the server for processing and removal, SQL-standard comments are removed by psql.” https://www.postgresql.org/docs/current/app-psql.html
• marginalia https://github.com/basecamp/marginalia
• track_activity_query_size https://www.postgresql.org/docs/current/runtime-config-statistics.html#GUC-TRACK-ACTIVITY-QUERY-SIZE
• Custom Properties for Database Objects Using SECURITY LABELS (post by Andrei Lepikhov) https://www.pgedge.com/blog/custom-properties-for-postgresql-database-objects-without-core-patches

~~~

What did you like or not like? What should we discuss next time? Let us know via a YouTube comment, on social media, or by commenting on our Google doc!

~~~

Postgres FM is produced by:

• Michael Christofides, founder of pgMustard
• Nikolay Samokhvalov, founder of Postgres.ai

With credit to:

• Jessie Draws for the elephant artwork

Nik and Michael are joined by Lev Kokotov for an update on all things PgDog.
 
Here are some links to things they mentioned:

• Lev Kokotov https://postgres.fm/people/lev-kokotov
• PgDog https://github.com/pgdogdev/pgdog
• Our first PgDog episode (March 2025) https://postgres.fm/episodes/pgdog
• Sharding pgvector (blog post by Lev) https://pgdog.dev/blog/sharding-pgvector
• Prepared statements and partitioned table lock explosion (series by Nik) https://postgres.ai/blog/20251028-postgres-marathon-2-009

~~~

What did you like or not like? What should we discuss next time? Let us know via a YouTube comment, on social media, or by commenting on our Google doc!

~~~

Postgres FM is produced by:

• Michael Christofides, founder of pgMustard
• Nikolay Samokhvalov, founder of Postgres.ai

With credit to:

• Jessie Draws for the elephant artwork

Nik and Michael are joined by Radim Marek from boringSQL to talk about RegreSQL, a regression testing tool for SQL queries they forked and improved recently.
 
Here are some links to things they mentioned:

• Radim Marek https://postgres.fm/people/radim-marek
• boringSQL https://boringsql.com
• RegreSQL: Regression Testing for PostgreSQL Queries (blog post by Radim) https://boringsql.com/posts/regresql-testing-queries
• Discussion on Hacker News https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=45924619 
• Radim’s fork of RegreSQL on GitHub https://github.com/boringSQL/regresql 
• Original RegreSQL on GitHub (by Dimitri Fontaine) https://github.com/dimitri/regresql 
• The Art of PostgreSQL (book) https://theartofpostgresql.com
• How to make the non-production Postgres planner behave like in production (how-to post by Nik) https://postgres.ai/docs/postgres-howtos/performance-optimization/query-tuning/how-to-imitate-production-planner 
• Just because you’re getting an index scan, doesn't mean you can’t do better! (Blog post by Michael) https://www.pgmustard.com/blog/index-scan-doesnt-mean-its-fast
• boringSQL Labs https://labs.boringsql.com

~~~

What did you like or not like? What should we discuss next time? Let us know via a YouTube comment, on social media, or by commenting on our Google doc!

~~~

Postgres FM is produced by:

• Michael Christofides, founder of pgMustard
• Nikolay Samokhvalov, founder of Postgres.ai

With credit to:

• Jessie Draws for the elephant artwork

Nik and Michael discuss the events and trends they thought were most important in the Postgres ecosystem in 2025.
 
Here are some links to things they mentioned: 

• Postgres 18 release notes https://www.postgresql.org/docs/18/release-18.html
• Our episode on Postgres 18 https://postgres.fm/episodes/postgres-18
• LWLock:LockManager benchmarks for Postgres 18 (blog post by Nik) https://postgres.ai/blog/20251009-postgres-marathon-2-005
• PostgreSQL bug tied to zero-day attack on US Treasury https://www.theregister.com/2025/02/14/postgresql_bug_treasury
• PgDog episode https://postgres.fm/episodes/pgdog
• Multigres episode https://postgres.fm/episodes/multigres
• Neki announcement https://planetscale.com/blog/announcing-neki
• Our 100TB episode from 2024 https://postgres.fm/episodes/to-100tb-and-beyond
• PlanetScale for Postgres https://planetscale.com/blog/planetscale-for-postgres
• Oracle's MySQL job cuts https://www.theregister.com/2025/09/11/oracle_slammed_for_mysql_job
• Amazon Aurora DSQL is now generally available https://aws.amazon.com/about-aws/whats-new/2025/05/amazon-aurora-dsql-generally-available
• Announcing Azure HorizonDB https://techcommunity.microsoft.com/blog/adforpostgresql/announcing-azure-horizondb/4469710
• Lessons from Replit and Tiger Data on Storage for Agentic Experimentation https://www.tigerdata.com/blog/lessons-replit-tiger-data-storage-agentic-experimentation
• Instant database clones with PostgreSQL 18 https://boringsql.com/posts/instant-database-clones
• turbopuffer episode https://postgres.fm/episodes/turbopuffer
• Crunchy joins Snowflake https://www.crunchydata.com/blog/crunchy-data-joins-snowflake
• Neon joins Databricks https://neon.com/blog/neon-and-databricks

~~~

What did you like or not like? What should we discuss next time? Let us know via a YouTube comment, on social media, or by commenting on our Google doc!

~~~

Postgres FM is produced by:

• Michael Christofides, founder of pgMustard
• Nikolay Samokhvalov, founder of Postgres.ai

With credit to:

• Jessie Draws for the elephant artwork

Nik and Michael discuss a listener question about archiving a database.
 
Here are some links to things they mentioned: 

• Listener request to talk about archiving https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KFRK8PiIvTg&lc=UgyiFrO37gEgUaVhRgN4AaABAg 
• Our episode on “Is pg_dump a backup tool?” https://postgres.fm/episodes/is-pg_dump-a-backup-tool 

~~~

What did you like or not like? What should we discuss next time? Let us know via a YouTube comment, on social media, or by commenting on our Google doc!

~~~

Postgres FM is produced by:

• Michael Christofides, founder of pgMustard
• Nikolay Samokhvalov, founder of Postgres.ai

With credit to:

• Jessie Draws for the elephant artwork