PRISM Rounds: Pulmonary Critical Care & Sleep Podcast

In this episode of PRISM Rounds, we examine a new randomized clinical trial comparing olanzapine with low-dose dexmedetomidine for established delirium in critically ill adults.

The primary outcome was neutral: patients in both groups had a median of 3 days alive without delirium or coma. But the study also found more adverse events with dexmedetomidine and a provocative difference in 90-day mortality that demands careful interpretation.

We place these findings in the context of MIND-USA, AID-ICU, SPICE III, nocturnal dexmedetomidine studies, and the 2025 PADIS guideline update. The key issue is not simply which drug performed better, but whether ICU clinicians are asking medications to do different jobs: prevent delirium, control agitation, or actually treat established delirium.

We discuss what this trial adds, its major limitations, why the mortality signal should remain hypothesis-generating, and what the results should—and should not—change at the bedside.

Primary article:
https://doi.org/10.1093/ajrccm/aamag235

Listen and subscribe on Apple Podcasts, Spotify, YouTube, or at https://www.prismrounds.com

PRISM Rounds, critical care, ICU, delirium, ICU delirium, dexmedetomidine, olanzapine, antipsychotics, sedation, agitation, PADIS, MIND-USA, AID-ICU, SPICE III, mechanical ventilation, intensive care medicine, pulmonary critical care, evidence based medicine, journal club, randomized controlled trial, FOAMcc, FOAMed

Tags

How long should comatose patients remain at 33°C after out-of-hospital cardiac arrest?

In this episode of PRISM Rounds, we examine the icecap randomized clinical trial, which studied 1,158 comatose OHCA survivors who had already been rapidly cooled to 33°C. Patients were assigned to different cooling durations ranging from 6 to 72 hours.

Longer cooling did not improve neurological recovery, mortality, or secondary neurological outcomes. We discuss the adaptive trial design, the separate shockable and nonshockable rhythm cohorts, the meaning of the approximately 50% probability that 6 hours was the shortest optimal duration, and why this does not establish a universal six-hour protocol.

The episode places icecap in context with TTM, TTM2, and HYPERION while keeping clear that these trials addressed different temperature-management questions.

Read the study:
https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/fullarticle/2852508

Subscribe to PRISM Rounds on Apple Podcasts, Spotify, or YouTube, and visit:
https://www.prismrounds.com

Tags:
icecap, cardiac arrest, out-of-hospital cardiac arrest, OHCA, targeted temperature management, therapeutic hypothermia, post-cardiac arrest care, neuroprotection, neurological recovery, TTM, TTM2, HYPERION, critical care, intensive care, emergency medicine, resuscitation, ICU, fever prevention, modified Rankin Scale, PRISM Rounds

In Season 1, Episode 58 of PRISM Rounds, we review the 2025 Society of Critical Care Medicine guideline for the treatment of heat stroke and translate its recommendations into practical bedside decisions for emergency and critical care clinicians.

We discuss why active cooling should begin immediately, why cold- or ice-water immersion is preferred when feasible, and why the guideline emphasizes both the speed of cooling and the goal of reaching a core temperature below about 39°C within 30 minutes. We also review what to do when immersion is not practical and how the guideline approaches classic versus exertional heat stroke.

The episode also covers therapies that should generally be avoided. Routine acetaminophen, NSAIDs, salicylates, and dantrolene are not recommended for temperature reduction, and prophylactic antibiotics or antiseizure medications should be limited to research settings.

An important theme is the strength of the recommendations versus the strength of the evidence. Several recommendations are strong despite very low-certainty evidence, reflecting the practical and ethical difficulty of conducting randomized trials that delay effective cooling in patients with true heat stroke.

The bedside message is simple: recognize heat stroke early, start the fastest feasible active cooling strategy, continue simultaneous resuscitation and organ support, and avoid medications that do not address the underlying problem.

Read the guideline:
https://doi.org/10.1097/CCM.0000000000006551

More PRISM Rounds:
https://www.prismrounds.com

Available on Apple Podcasts, Spotify, YouTube, and other major podcast platforms.

Tags:
PRISM Rounds, S01E58, critical care, ICU, heat stroke, heatstroke, hyperthermia, SCCM, Society of Critical Care Medicine, emergency medicine, cooling, cold water immersion, ice water immersion, exertional heat stroke, classic heat stroke, temperature management, dantrolene, antipyretics, heat illness, resuscitation, evidence based medicine, clinical guidelines, guideline review, medical education, FOAMed, pulmonary critical care

Should we wait for a patient with intermediate-high-risk pulmonary embolism to deteriorate before pursuing reperfusion—or intervene before the right ventricle fails?

In this episode of PRISM Rounds, we examine PRAGUE-26, a multicenter randomized trial published in the New England Journal of Medicine comparing conventional catheter-directed thrombolysis with low-dose alteplase plus anticoagulation against anticoagulation alone in patients with intermediate-high-risk acute pulmonary embolism.

The headline result is striking: the 7-day composite of death, recurrent pulmonary embolism, or cardiorespiratory decompensation or collapse occurred in 0.7% with catheter-directed thrombolysis versus 6.8% with standard care. But the interpretation requires nuance. The benefit was driven primarily by fewer episodes of cardiorespiratory deterioration, not a demonstrated mortality reduction. Overall major bleeding was not clearly increased, yet two intracranial hemorrhages occurred in the thrombolysis group and none with anticoagulation alone.

We break down patient selection, the low-dose alteplase strategy, the composite endpoint, rescue reperfusion, early RV recovery, bleeding risk, and the limitations of an open-label trial conducted in experienced tertiary cardiovascular centers. Most importantly, we ask what prague-26 should change at the bedside: Does this trial support routine early catheter-directed thrombolysis, or does it help us identify the selected patient who should undergo reperfusion before overt hemodynamic collapse?

The article was published online in the New England Journal of Medicine on August 31, 2026, DOI 10.1056/NEJMoa2608012.

PRISM Trials / PRISM Rounds:
Visit PRISM Trials

Journal article:
Read “Catheter-Directed Thrombolysis in Intermediate-High-Risk Pulmonary Embolism” in NEJM

Tags:
#PRISMRounds #PRISMTrials #CriticalCare #CriticalCareMedicine #ICU #PulmonaryCriticalCare #PulmonaryMedicine #Pulmonology #PulmonaryEmbolism #PE #IntermediateHighRiskPE #SubmassivePE #CatheterDirectedThrombolysis #CDT #Thrombolysis #Alteplase #Anticoagulation #Reperfusion #PERT #PulmonaryEmbolismResponseTeam #RightVentricle #RVFailure #RightHeartStrain #HemodynamicCollapse #CardiorespiratoryDecompensation #Shock #VTE #VenousThromboembolism #EmergencyMedicine #Cardiology #InterventionalCardiology #IntensiveCare #ClinicalTrials #RandomizedTrial #RCT #EvidenceBasedMedicine #MedicalEducation #JournalClub #NEJM #FOAMed #FOAMcc #MedEd #EvidenceBasedCriticalCare

In this episode of PRISM Rounds, we discuss the SAVE-O2 AI randomized clinical trial, which tested autonomous closed-loop oxygen titration versus usual manual oxygen adjustment in 300 hospitalized adults receiving supplemental oxygen.

The autonomous system kept patients in the target SpO2 range much more often, 85% vs 63%, while also reducing time spent in hypoxemia and, even more strikingly, hyperoxemia. We break down what the trial shows, what it does not show, the importance of pulse oximetry accuracy and skin pigmentation, and whether improved oxygen control is enough to justify broader implementation.

We also discuss the accompanying editorial by Weingart and Matthay, which explores the potential impact on clinician workload, oxygen stewardship, resource-limited settings, and the next generation of implementation and outcomes studies.

SAVE-O2 AI trial, JAMA Internal Medicine
https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamainternalmedicine/fullarticle/10.1001/jamainternmed.2026.4023
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1001/jamainternmed.2026.4023

Invited Commentary: Potential Transformative Impact of Autonomous Oxygen Delivery in Hospitalized Patients
https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamainternalmedicine/fullarticle/10.1001/jamainternmed.2026.4038
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1001/jamainternmed.2026.4038

Find more episodes at www.prismrounds.com and subscribe on Apple Podcasts or Spotify.

Tags
#PRISMRounds #SAVE02AI #CriticalCare #ICU #PulmonaryCriticalCare #OxygenTherapy #Hypoxemia #Hyperoxemia #PulseOximetry #ClosedLoopControl #ArtificialIntelligence #DigitalHealth #ClinicalTrials #RandomizedTrial #JAMAInternalMedicine #RespiratoryCare #FOAMcc #MedEd

Does video laryngoscopy improve first pass success for routine tracheal intubation, and does blade geometry matter?

In this episode of PRISM Rounds, we discuss the COVALENT randomized clinical trial, which compared direct laryngoscopy, Macintosh style video laryngoscopy, and hyperangulated video laryngoscopy in more than 2,400 perioperative intubations.

We review the higher first pass success with video laryngoscopy, why the hyperangulated strategy performed best, the important role of stylet use, and what the accompanying editorial adds to the interpretation.

We also discuss how COVALENT builds on the DEVICE trial in critically ill adults and why the airway conversation may now be shifting from simply video versus direct toward which video strategy, blade, and adjunct work best in different clinical settings.

Find PRISM Rounds on Apple Podcasts, Spotify, and https://prismrounds.com

Tags:
Critical Care, ICU, Airway Management, Video Laryngoscopy, Direct Laryngoscopy, COVALENT Trial, DEVICE Trial, Tracheal Intubation, First Pass Success, Emergency Airway, Anesthesiology, Pulmonary Critical Care, Evidence Based Medicine, Journal Club, PRISM Rounds, FOAMcc, FOAMed

Description
We obsess over the paralytic, but are we giving enough of it?

In this episode of PRISM Rounds, we review a new AJRCCM secondary analysis of 1,822 critically ill adults from the DEVICE and PREOXI trials examining whether rocuronium dose is associated with first-attempt intubation success.

Patients receiving more than 1.2 mg/kg had higher first-attempt success overall, with the strongest signal in ICU patients. But rocuronium dose was chosen by clinicians rather than randomized, so residual confounding matters.

We break down the study, the accompanying editorial, the pharmacologic rationale for higher dosing, the ICU versus ED findings, and the key bedside question: Should this change how we dose rocuronium during emergency intubation?

Original article:
https://academic.oup.com/ajrccm/article/212/8/1740/8679093

Accompanying editorial:
https://academic.oup.com/ajrccm/article/212/8/1680/8706698

Educational use only. This is not medical advice.

Tags
Critical Care, ICU, Airway Management, Tracheal Intubation, Emergency Intubation, Rocuronium, Neuromuscular Blockade, Rapid Sequence Intubation, RSI, First Pass Success, First Attempt Success, Video Laryngoscopy, DEVICE Trial, PREOXI Trial, AJRCCM, Pulmonary Critical Care, Emergency Medicine, Anesthesiology, Evidence Based Medicine, Journal Club, Medical Education, PRISM Rounds

Can early in-bed cycling plus intravenous amino acids improve recovery after critical illness?

The NEXIS trial randomized 115 adults with acute respiratory failure to protocolized cycling plus higher amino acid delivery or usual care. The intervention substantially increased rehabilitation time and protein intake, but did not improve six-minute walk distance at hospital discharge, strength, duration of ventilation, length of stay, mortality, or six-month recovery.

This episode examines the trial design, intervention delivery, safety findings, limitations, and bedside implications. The discussion also addresses why a biologically plausible intervention may fail to produce better patient-centered outcomes, and why the results should not be interpreted as an argument against individualized ICU rehabilitation.

Tags

PRISM Rounds, NEXIS trial, critical care, intensive care, ICU rehabilitation, ICU acquired weakness, early mobility, in-bed cycling, cycle ergometry, amino acids, protein supplementation, acute respiratory failure, mechanical ventilation, six-minute walk distance, physical function, critical illness recovery, post-intensive care syndrome, nutrition in critical illness, AJRCCM, randomized clinical trial, pulmonary critical care, evidence-based medicine, journal club, medical education