In this episode of the APORDE Podcast Series, host Thobani Khumalo speaks with Professor Mushtaq Khan of SOAS University of London about governance, corruption, and why many development and industrial policies fail at the point of implementation.

Professor Khan introduces his influential concept of political settlements and explains why effective governance reforms must be pragmatic, incremental, and aligned with existing power structures. The discussion challenges moralistic approaches to corruption, rethinks anti-corruption strategies, and explores how industrial policy can succeed when designed around feasible enforcement and real incentives.