The World Health Organization (WHO) is working diligently to eliminate Type 1 poliovirus transmission in endemic countries around the world. Although progress has been made using the trivalent oral poliovirus vaccine, eradication remains elusive. Recent studies have examined the efficacy of a monovalent oral poliovirus vaccine given to newborns: could this monovalent vaccine bring us closer to eradicating poliomyelitis? Dr. Jennifer Shu welcomes Dr. Roland Sutter, coordinator of the research and product development team for the WHO's Global Polio Eradication Initiative, to detail his team's contributions to the evolving body of polio research.