The provided texts offer a comprehensive overview of real estate principles in California, serving as a study guide for aspiring agents and a practice test to reinforce learned concepts. They cover fundamental topics such as agency relationships, including single, dual, and subagency, and the crucial fiduciary duties owed to clients, emphasizing disclosure, confidentiality, and accounting. The materials also explain property valuation methods like appraisals and comparative market analyses (CMAs), various forms of property ownership (e.g., severalty, co-ownership, community property), and different types of deeds used for property transfer. Furthermore, the sources detail the escrow process, closing costs, loan origination, and various financing concepts, including PITI payments, loan-to-value (LTV) ratios, and amortization. Finally, they describe legal land descriptions, leasehold interests, and important ethical considerations and regulations governing the real estate profession.