The fourth installment of Ropes & Gray’s podcast series, Non-binding Guidance, dives into the use of real-world evidence in drug development. In this episode, Ropes & Gray lawyers Kellie Combs and Sarah Blankstein discuss FDA’s current thinking on real-world evidence and how industry has been using real-world evidence studies in FDA submissions, as well as with payors and in product promotion. The speakers highlight key takeaways from FDA’s framework for real-world evidence, issued in December 2018, including the types of data sources and study designs that FDA considers to be “real-world,” and the Agency’s approach to assessing real-world evidence intended to support a determination of effectiveness. Additionally, our presenters discuss highlights from FDA and the Duke-Margolis Center’s public workshop on real-world evidence, which took place on July 11-12. Tune in to this discussion to learn more about FDA’s approach to real-world evidence, the impact on industry, and what companies should be thinking about in this space.