The provided text details the life and career of Richard Carlile, a prominent radical publisher and advocate for parliamentary reform and a free press in 19th-century England. It traces his journey from a tinsmith to a successful publisher of works by Tom Paine and his own newspaper, "The Republican," highlighting his commitment to social and political change. The source describes the significant challenges Carlile faced, including imprisonment for seditious libel and blasphemy, and the government's efforts to suppress radical publications through taxes and prosecutions. Despite continuous persecution of himself and his family members, Carlile persisted in his activism, later championing women's rights and birth control, ultimately contributing to the establishment of a free press.

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