After 300 years of world domination, the Roman Empire was so big and unmanageable it had to split into two. Thus, the Byzantine Empire was born, but when its emperor Constantine converted to Christianity, once again, the Jews were caught in the cross-roads of war. Yet despite an official doctrine of anti-Semitism, the Jews clung on in Babylonia, producing the Talmud and preserving the Torah lifestyle at all costs.

• women as the vanguards of the early Church
• Helena, the mother of Constantine
• the theory of the "witness people"
• the development of the permanent Jewish calendar