This multicenter cohort study investigated the effectiveness of rituximab in preventing relapses in adult patients diagnosed with anti-NMDAR antibody-mediated encephalitis. Researchers evaluated the impact of a single course of rituximab on the time to first relapse and explored the duration of its effect, specifically at six and twelve months following treatment. The findings suggest that a single rituximab course is associated with a reduced risk of relapse, with the protective effect lasting for approximately six months. These results highlight the potential benefit of rituximab in managing this condition and suggest optimal redosing intervals for select patients.