Romans 11 affirms God's unwavering faithfulness to His promises to Israel, refuting both replacement theology and the notion of Israel's permanent rejection. The chapter establishes that God has not cast away His people, as evidenced by the existence of a remnant chosen by grace, not works, and preserved throughout history—even in times of national apostasy. Israel's temporary blindness and stumbling, resulting from unbelief, were not final but served a divine purpose: to bring salvation to the Gentiles and provoke Israel to jealousy, ultimately leading to their future restoration. The chapter distinguishes between three groups—Jews, Gentiles, and the Church—emphasizing that the Church did not replace Israel, nor does it share Israel's national destiny; rather, the Church is a temporary outgrowth of God's redemptive plan, while Israel remains the object of future covenantal fulfillment. The ultimate hope is the national salvation of Israel at Christ's return, when 'all Israel shall be saved,' confirming that God's gifts and calling are irrevocable and His wisdom, judgments, and ways are unsearchable.