For additional notes and resources check out Douglas’ website.

Romans W (21 minutes) explores chapter 13.

Passages referred to or alluded to: Daniel 3; 6; Matthew 7:12; Leviticus 19:18; Exodus 20; Deuteronomy 5; 1 Peter 4:1-15; Galatians 3:27; Colossians 3:12; 1 Peter 5:5.

Recommended: a number of political podcasts -- on how we as believers are to relate to the state.

Texts on capital punishment:

• “When they know that we cannot endure even to see a man put to death, though justly, who of them can accuse us of murder?… We consider that to see a man put to death is much the same as killing him” (Athenagoras, c.175 AD).
• “Christians do not attack their assailants in return, for it is not lawful for the innocent to kill even the guilty” (Cyprian, c.250 AD).
• Texts about complaints over the Jews, who were viewed as shirking their civic duties: Cicero Flacc. 28.67 and Tacitus Hist. 5.5.5.1.

Suggested memory passage: "But put on the Lord Jesus Christ, and make no provision for the flesh in regard to its lusts" (13:14).